Reviews and Perspectives from ISNI Members
Coeliac disease as a model for understanding multiple sclerosis
Authors: Michael Levy, Natalia Drosu Kjetil Bjornevik, Marianna Cortese, Ludvig M. Sollid
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and coeliac disease share HLA genetic risk, environmental driving factors, and a putative role of B cells in antigen-presentation. Both conditions feature an immune reaction to an external antigen, which triggers an autoimmune response. In this Perspective in the new Nature Reviews Neurology Neuroimmunology Collection, Dr. Natalia Drosu, Dr Michael Levy, ISNI community member from the USA, and their colleagues discuss the insights that could be gained using coeliac disease as a working model to understand MS pathogenesis and treatment.
NMOSD and MOGAD: an evolving disease spectrum
Authors: Akiyuki Uzawa, Frederike Cosima Oertel , Masahiro Mori, Friedemann Paul & Satoshi Kuwabara
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are associated with different autoantibodies, yet shared clinical characteristics. In this Review in the new Nature Reviews Neurology Neuroimmunology Collection, Akiyuki Uzawa, Satoshi Kuwabara and Friedemann Paul, ISNI community members from Japan and Germany, and their colleagues present historical and current concepts, and updates on immunotherapies tested in NMOSD that could be applied to MOGAD in the future
Myasthenia gravis: the changing treatment landscape in the era of molecular therapies
Author: Raffaele Iorio
Standard immunotherapy for myasthenia gravis (MG), a prototypic autoantibody-mediated disorder, fails up to 15% of patients and can burden the rest with serious long-term side effects. In this Review in Nature Reviews Neurology Neuroimmunology Collection, Dr Raffaele Iorio, ISNI member from Italy, examines how a new generation of molecular therapies targeting complement, FcRn and pathogenic B cells is reshaping the MG treatment landscape and paving the way for individualized treatment strategies.
The changing landscape of primary autoimmune neuropathies
Authors: Marta Caballero-Ávila, Elba Pascual-Goñi, Cinta Lleixà, Lorena Martín-Aguilar, Roger Collet-Vidiella & Luis Querol
Autoimmune neuropathies such as Guillain–Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) are autoimmune disorders of the peripheral nervous system in which autoantibodies and complement play an essential role. After decades of innovation setbacks and therapeutic stagnation, the combination of better tools for diagnosis, a more precise understanding of disease pathophysiology and the development of targeted therapies is leading to encouraging innovations in disease management. In this Review included in Nature Reviews Neurology Neuroimmunology Collection, Dr Caballero-Avila and Dr Luis Querol, ISNI community member from Spain, and their colleagues summarize recent developments, including discoveries in pathogenesis, diagnostic guidelines, biomarkers and the most promising clinical trials.